Lateral diffusion and atmospheric CO2 mixing compromise estimates of rhizosphere respiration in a forest soil
نویسندگان
چکیده
Measurements of rhizosphere carbon efflux are critical to the determination of soil carbon balance by CO2 flux measurements. We attempted to measure rhizosphere respiration in a forest ecosystem by transplanting 13Cenriched soils from a tallgrass prairie into a mixed-conifer forest soil but found that atmospheric air mixing and lateral diffusion confounded δC-CO2 measurements. Surface CO2 efflux (δ13C ≈ –20‰) was enriched 6‰ relative to soil CO2 measured at depth because of the presence of atmospheric-derived CO2 (–8‰) near the soil surface. The δC-CO2 value of transplanted soil CO2 did not reflect its 13C-enriched carbon source but was within 1‰ of native soil CO2 because of lateral diffusion from the surrounding native soil. A two-component steady-state model of lateral diffusion supported our assertion that this soil was susceptible to atmospheric air mixing and lateral diffusion because of its high effective porosity and relatively low concentration of soil CO2. Percent rhizosphere respiration was estimated at 35 and 45% after applying corrections for atmospheric air mixing and (or) lateral diffusion. These confounding effects may be reduced or eliminated by utilizing a larger transplanted soil pit and by reducing soil CO2 diffusivity, for example, by increasing water content. Résumé : La mesure des émanations de carbone provenant de la rhizosphère est essentielle pour estimer le bilan du carbone du sol via des mesures de flux de CO2. Nous avons essayé de mesurer la respiration de la rhizosphère dans un écosystème forestier en transplantant des sols enrichis en 13C et provenant d’une prairie d’herbes hautes dans un sol de forêt mélangée de conifères mais nous avons trouvé que les apports de l’air atmosphérique et de la diffusion latérale se confondaient avec les mesures de δC-CO2. Les émanations de CO2 (δ13C ≈ –20‰) à la surface étaient enrichies de 6‰ en comparaison du CO2 du sol mesuré en profondeur à cause de la présence à proximité de la surface du sol de CO2 provenant de l’atmosphère (–8‰). La valeur de δC-CO2 du CO2 provenant du sol transplanté ne reflétait pas sa source en carbone enrichi de 13C, mais se situait à moins de 1‰ du CO2 du sol natif du fait de la diffusion latérale à partir du sol natif environnant. Un modèle à deux composantes de la diffusion latérale à l’état d’équilibre supporte notre affirmation concernant la susceptibilité de ce sol au mélange avec l’air atmosphérique et à la diffusion latérale du fait de sa forte porosité effective et de la concentration relativement faible en CO2 du sol. La respiration relative de la rhizosphère a été estimée entre 35 et 45% après l’application des corrections pour le mélange avec l’air atmosphérique ou la diffusion latérale. Ces effets confondants peuvent être réduits ou éliminés en utilisant un trou plus large pour le sol transplanté et en réduisant la capacité de diffusion du CO2 du sol en augmentant, par exemple, la teneur en eau. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Susfalk et al. 1015
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